Process for tempering copper.



WILLIAM E. wnrrn, or summon, rnunsvtvania, assienoaor out-Herr r WINIFRED B. WHITE, 01 HAZLETON,

PENNSYLVANIA, AND ONE-THIRD '10 JACOB M. SCHAPQEZBT AND MARGARET SGHAPIERT, OIDOBRANQETON; PENNSYLVANIA.

Io Drawing.

1 1 Specification of Letters Patent; i

' rnocnss r03 'rnmrnamecorrne Patfinted May 20, 1913.

j imam fledlareh 2,1912. ScriaINoJSIBOt j To all whom it meg concern: I I

- temper the cop and bright, 'wh1ch however,. 1 s. obv1ouslyde-' proper temperature Be it known that I, WILLIAM Wm'rn,

a citizen of the United States, and a'resident of Hazleton, in the county of Luzerne and State of Pennslvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in'Processes for. Temperin Copper, of-wh ch the.

co er.

following is a ,speci cat on;

My invention relates to a process of tempering or hardenin sirable.

Generally speaking, my recess comprises three steps: first, heating he copper to the whlch ordinarily is a red heat, although lt may be a white heat,

where a harder temper is desired in the" second, immersing the copper at product;

bath of a -character to be hereinonce into a i after'described in detail, and which comprises a hardening ingredient or ingredients and which may also comprise a cleansing ingredient or ingredients, the copperbeing permitted to remain therein until .a hissing sound is heard, this bein what is known as the blow point and thir iron or steel plate, striking it a heavy blow q I a stone, iron or steel plate large enou h to cover the piece ofcopper being tre'ate and permittin the plate to remain onthe copper until the latter turns from red to a golden tint.. I If the copper has been taken out of-the bath exactly at the blow point and the op-- eration of tempering has been successfuhthe copper turns from red to a golden tint. If

' this result does not occur, the copper should be reheated and the process repeated.

Water forms the base of the hardening or hardening and cleansing bath which I ,em-

ploy. The ingredients addedthereto are as 1 suggested of two classes-'those which assist in the hardening action and those whose ef-" feet is to make the surface of the copper bright and clean. The volume of the bath depends on the size of the plates or other pieces of copper to be treated. I have se cured satisfactoryresults by combimng the,

- hardening and cleansing portions of the bath As already stated,

on a half and half basis.

copper and preferably also cleansing it, a though it, is possible to or without making. it clean stalks, borax. Y

laying-the copper. .upon a hard surface, preferably .a stone,

, entirely. 1

The principal hardeningingredient which i 'I prefer to emplqy'; is lime water which is alkaline and a y oxid." Im roved results are, however, "secured iflI a d tallow, the latter having the effect of toughening the however, I may omit cleansing ingredients e cleansing ingredients'may be of a veg with the roots' 'or need not be strictly adhered -to. I completel slake a peck of'lime and then add enoug lime water. To this I add fifteen quarts of water to make fifteen quarts of the an infusion from steeping-clover, yarrow orI burdock; To this-I alsoadd a quarter pound of tallowtogether with a-lumpof borax the sizeof an egg. 4 It-"will" be understood that r the volume ofthe bath may vary but m a general way the proportions referred. to will be found suitable.

As above stated, while I prefer a bathzconstituted; as just described, I

some of the ingredients may be, omitted.- j

'85 ersed-in The copper heated to the requisite temperature (as hereinb'efore stated) is i 7 the said bath, which should first be heated,

and is permitted to remain" thereima very brief period until itblows as already described. It is then at once withdrawn fromthe bath',p-laced on a hard surface and struck a hard blow' with another hard surface, both surfaces beingpreferably iroii, steel or stone 7 plates. The upper "plate is permitted ,to

[remain on the piece of copper until it turns from redto a golden-tint. I I

It will be apparent that I have invented a process of tempering copper which requires noexpenswe 1n redlents and which is com-v paratively simp e. A successful process of this nature has long been sought and its advantages are obvious.

What I clann as my invention 1s:

"1. The process of temperingcopper comprising the following steps; heating a piece of copper to a/high temperature, immersing it in a hardening, bath until it blows, and on l removing it" therefrom, placing it upon a hard surface.

2. The process of tempering copper com:

prising the following steps; heating a piece,

of copper to a high temperature, immersing it in a hardening and cleansing hath until it blows and on removing it therefrom, placing it on a hard surface and striking it with 'another hard surface.

3. In a process of tempering copper, the

step of immersing a piece of copper heatedto .a high temperature in a bath containing lime water and as soon as it blows removing it therefrom.

4. The process of tempering copper comprising the following steps; heating a piece of copper to a high temperature, immersingit in a hardening bath containing lime water, after a brief period removing it therefrom; then placing it on a hard surface and strikingit a hard blow with another hard surface, both surfaces being preferably iron, steel or stone plates, the upper plate being permitted to remain on the piece of copper until it 'turns from red to a golden tint.

t 5. In a process of tempering copper, the step of immersing a piece of copper heated to ahigh temperature in a bath containing lime water anda cleansing ingredient of a vegetable nature and after a brief period removing it therefrom.

6. The process of tempering copper comprising the following steps; heating a piece of copper to a high temperature, immersing it in a hardening and cleansing bath until"it blows, said bat-h containing lime water, burdock, clover, yarrow, boraX and tallow, and on removing it therefrom placing it on a hard surface and striking itwith another hard surface of suflicient extent to cover the portion of the piece of copper which is to be hardened.

\ 7 In a process of tempering copper, the

step of immersing 'a piece of copper heated to a high tem erature, in a bath containing lime water an tallow, and after a brief period removing it therefrom. In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM H. WHITE.

Witnesses:

J. P. OosTELLo, j J. M. SGHAPPERT. 

